Abstract—A newly developed semi-fixed flexible polishing tool called sol-gel (SG) polishing pads can satisfy the polishing demand of silicon wafers with scratch-free and nanoroughness surface. However, an obvious damage layer emerges on the surface of monocrystalline silicon wafer after polished by SG polishing pads with diamond abrasives. In this paper, combined characterizations consist of …
Abstract. A combined supercritical/subcritical technology was used as a pre-treatment and hydrolysis method for ethanol production from cellulose/lignocelluloses. In a batch study for supercritical hydrolysis, which is the primary step of the combined technology, 60 mg of microcrystalline cellulose in 2.5 ml deionized water was loaded into each reactor and heated in a salt bath at a selecte…
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in plant development, stress responses and hormonal signal transduction. MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), as the key nodes in these cascades, link MAPKs and MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs). In this study, GhMKK4, a novel group C MAPKK gene from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), was isolated and identified. Its expression can be induced by various stresses …