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Overcoming resistance and resilience of an invaded community is necessary for effective restoration: a multi-site bracken control study

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Summary
1. The search for appropriate management strategies to control invasive plants is an important
theme in environmental management. However, the recovery of the resident community
species complement does not necessarily respond predictably to restoration efforts. Increasing
restoration success requires an understanding of the resistance and resilience of the invaded
community and the response of the newly developing community to management. Here, we
used Pteridium-invaded heath and grass communities as a test system and investigated the
effects of recommended Pteridium aquilinum control treatments on vegetation composition
and diversity.
2. We evaluated seven field experiments in four regions of Great Britain designed to test five
Pteridium control treatments, including ‘one-off’ (applied only at the start) and ‘repeated’
(applied regularly) treatments, against an untreated experimental control. The sites had context-
dependent restoration targets, either a Calluna heathland or acid grassland. Species cover
and diversity responses (higher plants, mosses plus lichens) to these treatments were monitored
annually for 10 years.
3. Pteridium control treatments induced significant change in species composition compared
to experimental controls in both vegetation types. On Calluna target sites, ‘repeated’ treatments
overcame the resistance of the invaded community producing a gradual divergence in
species composition and species diversity. In contrast, the ‘one-off’ treatments were
ineffective.
4. At the acid grassland target sites, all treatments overcame the resistance of the Pteridiumdominated
state producing changes in species composition in comparison with experimental
controls.
5. Synthesis and applications. There are two important results for land managers: (i) where
Calluna heathland is the target, ‘repeated’ treatments (cutting once or twice per year) were
effective in overcoming the resistance of invaded community and moving species composition
towards the target state, effectively creating an alternative state; (ii) where acid grassland is
the target both ‘one-off’ and ‘repeated’ treatments overcame the invaded community resistance
(‘one-off’ also overcame resilience) producing changes in species composition in the
desired direction. The effectiveness of ‘one-off’ treatments was site dependent and produced
alternative stable states within 10 years. In contrast, ‘repeated’ treatments were site independent
but took longer to work and were more expensive.

Key-words: acid grassland, Calluna heathland, long-term monitoring, principal response
curves, Pteridium aquilinum, species richness

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Journal of Applied Ecology

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : British Ecological Society., 2013

Deskripsi Fisik

Journal of Applied Ecology 2013, 50, 156–167

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

BIOLOGI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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