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Digital Popular Communication Lessons on Information and Communication Technologies for Social Change from the Immigrant Rights Movement
The spring of 2011 saw a wave of popular, democratic uprisings in countries across the Middle East and North Africa. Massive, mostly nonviolent protests toppled long-standing dictatorships in Tunisia and Egypt and created intense pressure for democratic reforms in Algeria, Syria, Jordan, Yemen, Bahrain, the Palestinian Territories, and beyond.Social media, especially Facebook and Twitter,were widely used by activists to document andcirculate their stories of social struggle. Everyday people and citizen journalists produced rich feeds of photos, video, audio, and text from the streets that were picked up by satellite networks (especially Al Jazeera), remediated and amplified through global news flows, and broadcast back into the television sets of households across the region and around the world. The Arab Spring also generated a firestorm of discussion and debate about the role of social media in mass mobilization. Many heralded the liberatory power of networked information and communication
technologies (ICTs), while others (such as magazine writer Malcolm Gladwell) argued that their role was overemphasized. Others (such as researcher and blogger Evgeny Morozov) pointed to the ways that uthoritarian states are quickly learning how to use the net as a powerful tool to uncover,trace, and repress dissident networks.
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