e-journal
The Multiple Layers of Ubiquitin-Dependent Cell Cycle Control
Ubiquitination is an essential regulator of cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes. It controls a wide variety of reactions important for proliferation and development, such as progression through the cell cycle program, function of cell cycle checkpoints, and coordination of proliferation with development. Ubiquitination can exert specific control over so many processes by changing the abundance or the activity
of modified proteins. Ubiquitination itself is tightly regulated and carried out by very specific enzymes. Whether a protein is ubiquitinated or not is often determined by a balance of counteracting ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities. Whenever irreversible transitions have to be accomplished, ubiquitination triggers the proteasomal degradation of crucial regulators. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is also used to
dispose of activated growth-factor receptors by targeting them to lysosomes. Finally, nonproteolytic ubiquitination exerts cell cycle control by orchestrating events in cell cycle checkpoints. We believe that the multiple layers of regulation provided by ubiquitin hold great promise for future innovative approaches to arrest the proliferation of cancer cells in more efficient and specific ways than currently available.
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