e-journal
In situ electric-field-induced contrast imaging of electronic transport pathways in nanotube-polymer composites
An electric-field-induced contrast mechanism for scanning electron microscopy is reported which
permits the visualization of embedded nanomaterials inside various matrices with high contrast and
high definition. The high contrast is proposed to result from localized enhancement of secondary
electron emission from the nanomaterials due to electric-field-induced changes in their work
functions. By utilizing a stage that allows in situ current-voltage measurements inside a scanning
electron microscope, single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded within polymethyl methacrylate
films were visualized directly. In addition to the rapid assessment of nanotube dispersion within
polymers, electric-field-induced contrast imaging enables the determination of percolation
pathways. From the contrast in the images, the relative voltage at all points in the electron
micrograph can be determined, providing a new mechanism to understand electronic percolation
through nanoscale networks.
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