e-journal
Ultrasensitive detection of mercury (II) ions using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance with magnetohydrodynamic convection
Abstract.
A high-precision technique that can detect mercury (II) ions down to 1 fM concentration in aqueous
solutions is introduced. The technique combines the conventional electrochemical method, surface
plasmon resonance (SPR), and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection. Mercury ions are electroplated
onto a gold SPR sensing surface, and then detected quantitatively by applying a potential scan with
cyclic voltammetry. Both the SPR angular shift and the electrochemical current signal are recorded for
identification and quantification of the mercury ions. The detection sensitivity is further enhanced by
applying an MHD convection in the presence of a magnetic field, which does not require any moving
parts intruding into the aqueous solution. The technique thus has a great advantage for small detection
volume. In the presence of supporting electrolytes, 1 mM nitric acid and 10 mM potassium nitrate, Hg2+
ionic solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 fM to 1 μM are tested under different magnetic flux
densities of B = 0, 0.27, 0.53, and 0.71 T. The experimental results demonstrate that the stripping signals
of the 1 fM to 1 μM Hg2+ ions are enhanced by 10–60% with the flux density B = 0.71 T.
Keywords:
Heavy-metal detection
Mercury (II)
Cyclic voltammetry (CV)
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
Electrochemical method
MHD
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