e-journal
Part One - The Theory of Global History. From Universal History to Global History
Summary.
As a rule, the concepts of universal history and world history are treated as identical. However, in German
historiography at least, one significant attempt to distinguish between the two was made. This effort was
associated with Karl Lamprecht, spiritus rector of the Institute for Cultural and Universal History,
established at the University of Leipzig in 1909. This institute represented the most comprehensive
academic undertaking to that time to treat world history as a whole, including its geographical dimensions
and structural complexity (economics, government, law, culture, and mentality), and it has remained unique
in German historiography. Lamprecht's approach to the study of history in its totality, based on
interdisciplinary and comparative studies, aroused considerable controversy in his day since it challenged
the basic fixation of prior German historical studies on nation-states and individuals. Indirectly, this
controversy represented an extension of the bitter "methodological quarrel" carried on in the 1890s
between Lamprecht and established historians, who accused him of excessive liberalism and even Marxism
(due to his emphasis on economic factors).
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