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Thermal stability and kinetics of decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of pyrite

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Abstract.
The interaction between ammonium nitrate based industrial explosives and pyrite-rich minerals in mining
operations can lead to the occurrence of spontaneous explosion of the explosives. In an effort to
provide a scientific basis for safe applications of industrial explosives in reactive mining grounds containing pyrite, ammonium nitrate decomposition, with and without the presence of pyrite, was studied
using a simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analyser (DSC–TGA) and
a gas-sealed isothermal reactor, respectively. The activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of
ammonium nitrate decomposition were determined to be 102.6 kJ mol−1 and 4.55×107 s−1 without the
presence of pyrite and 101.8 kJ mol−1 and 2.57×109 s−1 with the presence of pyrite. The kinetics of ammonium
nitrate decomposition was then used to calculate the critical temperatures for ammonium nitrate
decomposition with and without the presence of pyrite, based on the Frank–Kamenetskii model of thermal
explosion. It was shown that the presence of pyrite reduces the temperature for, and accelerates the
rate of, decomposition of ammonium nitrate. Itwas further shown that pyrite can significantly reduce the
critical temperature of ammonium nitrate decomposition, causing undesired premature detonation of the
explosives. The critical temperature also decreases with increasing diameter of the blast holes charged
with the explosive. The concept of using the critical temperature as indication of the thermal stability
of the explosives to evaluate the risk of spontaneous explosion was verified in the gas-sealed isothermal
reactor experiments.

Keywords:
Ammonium nitrate
Pyrite
Kinetics
Critical temperature
Safety

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Journal of Hazardous Materials

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : Elsevier B.V.., 2009

Deskripsi Fisik

Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 751–758

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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