e-journal

Appraisal of potential environmental risks associated with human antibiotic consumption in Turkey

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Abstract.
A comprehensive analysis of Turkish antibiotic data was conducted to evaluate potential environmental
risks associated with antibiotic consumption in Turkey for year 2007. Antibioticswere defined for systemic
use or group J01 of the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Total emissions
and prescriptions for each ATC group were classified separately into 17 different J01 categories and
three forms ofmedication (capsule/tablets, injectables and suspensions). Capsules and tabletswere found
as the most emitted form of medication in year 2007, with a total emission rate of about 585.5 tons/year
(76%). Total antibiotic emission rates including all forms of medications were determined to be about
664.2 tons/year (86%) and 110.1 tons/year (14%) for adult and pediatric patients, respectively. An environmental risk assessment of 8 human antibiotics was conducted according to the EU draft guidance
(CEC/III/5504/94, draft 6, version 4) and the risk was indicated by the ratio of predicted environmental
concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for the aquatic environment. Available
acute and chronic toxicity datawere collected fromthe open peer-reviewed literature to derive PNEC. Risk
quotients (PEC/PNEC) were then calculated for 8 pharmaceutical substances. PEC/PNEC ratio exceeded
1.0 for B-lactams (cephalosporins and penicillins), fluoroquinolones, macrolides and aminoglycosides.
The findings of this study concluded that the release of these compounds from wastewater treatment
plants may potentially be of an important environmental concern based on today’s use of antibiotics in
Turkey.

Keywords:
Antibiotic
Medication
Environmental risk
Risk assessment
Wastewater treatment plant

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Journal of Hazardous Materials

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : Elsevier B.V.., 2009

Deskripsi Fisik

Journal of Hazardous Materials 166 (2009) 297–308

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

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