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Chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of solid residues produced during the co-pyrolysis of plastics and pine biomass

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Abstract.
A mixture of 70% (w/w) pine biomass and 30% (w/w) plastics (mixture of polypropylene, polyethylene,
and polystyrene) was subjected to pyrolysis at 400 ◦C, for 15 min, with an initial pressure of 40MPa. Part
of the solid residue produced was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane (DCM). The extracted
residue (residue A) and raw residue (residue B) were analyzed by weight loss combustion and submitted
to the leaching test ISO/TS 21268-2 using two different leachants: DCM (0.2%, v/v) and calcium chloride
(0.001 mol/L). The concentrations of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cu were determined
in the eluates and in the two residues. The eluates were further characterized by determining their pH
and the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). The presence of other
organic contaminants in the eluates was qualitatively evaluated by gas chromatography, coupled with
mass spectrometry. An ecotoxicological characterization was also performed by using the bio-indicator
Vibrio fischeri. The chemical and ecotoxicological results were analyzed according to the French proposal
of Criteria on the Evaluation Methods of Waste Ecotoxicity (CEMWE). Residue A was not considered to
be ecotoxic by the ecotoxicological criterion (EC50 (30 min) ≥10%), but it was considered to be ecotoxic
by the chemical criterion (Ni≥0.5 mg/L). Residue B was considered to be ecotoxic by the ecotoxicological
criterion: EC50 (30 min)≤10%. Besides that, residue B was considered to be hazardous according the
European legislation (BTEX concentrations higher than 100 ppb). The results indicate that volatile organic
contaminants can be present in sufficient amounts in these residues and their eluates to induce ecotoxicity
levels. The extraction of the pyrolysis residue with DCM was an efficient method for removing lighter
organic contaminants.

Keywords:
Pyrolysis residues
Eluates
Chemical and ecotoxicological analysis

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Journal of Hazardous Materials

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : Elsevier B.V.., 2009

Deskripsi Fisik

Journal of Hazardous Materials 166 (2009) 309–317

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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