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Analysis of the APETALA3- and PISTILLATA-like genes in Hedyosmum orientale (Chloranthaceae) provides insight into the evolution of the floral homeotic B-function in angiosperms

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Background and Aims:
According to the floral ABC model, B-function genes appear to play a key role in the origin and diversification of the perianth during the evolution of angiosperms. The basal angiosperm Hedyosmum orientale
(Chloranthaceae) has unisexual inflorescences associated with a seemingly primitive reproductive morphology and a reduced perianth structure in female flowers. The aim of this studywas to investigate the nature of the perianth and the evolutionary state of the B-function programme in this species.
Methods:
A series of experiments were conducted to characterize B-gene homologues isolated from H. orientale,
including scanning electron microscopy to observe the development of floral organs, phylogenetic analysis to reconstruct gene evolutionary history, reverse transcription–PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization to identify gene expression patterns, theyeast two-hybrid assay to explore protein dimerization affinities, and transgenic analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana to determine activities of the encoded proteins.
Key Results:
The expression of HoAP3geneswas restricted to stamens, whereas HoPI geneswere broadly expressed in all floral organs.HoAP3was able to partially restore the stamen but not petal identity in Arabidopsis ap3-3 mutants.
In contrast, HoPI could rescue aspects of both stamen and petal development in Arabidopsis pi-1 mutants. When the complete C-terminal sequence of HoPI was deleted, however, no or weak transgenic phenotypes were observed and homodimerization capability was completely abolished.
Conclusions:
The results suggest that Hedyosmum AP3-like genes have an ancestral function in specifying male reproductive
organs, and that the activity of the encoded PI-like proteins is highly conserved between Hedyosmum and
Arabidopsis. Moreover, there is evidence that the C-terminal region is important for the function of HoPI. Our findings indicate that the development of the proposed perianth in Hedyosmum does not rely on the B homeotic function.

Key words: Floral homeotic B function, Hedyosmum orientale, Chloranthaceae, C-terminal region, HoAP3, HoPI,
homodimerization, APETALA3, PISTILLATA.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Annals of Botany

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Oxford : Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company., 2013

Deskripsi Fisik

Annals of Botany 112: 1239–1251, 2013

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

BIOLOGI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

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