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Demographic consequences of chromatic leaf defence in tropical tree communities: do red young leaves increase growth and survival?

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Background:
Many tropical forest tree species delay greening their leaves until full expansion. This strategy is thought to provide newly flushing leaves with protection against damage by herbivores by keeping young leaves devoid of nutritive value. Because young leaves suffer the greatest predation from invertebrate herbivores,
delayed greening could prevent costly tissue loss. Many species that delay greening also produce anthocyanin pigments in their new leaves, giving them a reddish tint. These anthocyanins may be fungicidal, protect leaves against UV damage or make leaves cryptic to herbivores blind to the red part of the spectrum.
Methods:
A comprehensive survey was undertaken of seedlings, saplings and mature trees in two diverse tropical forests: a rain forest in western Amazonia (Yasunı´ National Park, Ecuador) and a deciduous forest in Central
America (BarroColorado Island,Panama´).Atestwas made of whether individuals and species with delayed greening
or red-coloured young leaves showed lower mortality or higher relative growth rates than species that did not.
Key results:
At bothYasunı´and BarroColorado Island, species with delayed greening or red young leaves comprised significant proportions of the seedling and tree communities. At both sites, significantly lower mortalitywas found in seedlings and trees with delayed greening and red-coloured young leaves. While therewas little effect of leaf colour on the production of new leaves of seedlings, diameter relative growth rates of small trees were lower in species with delayed greening and red-coloured young leaves than in species with regular green leaves, and this effect remained when the trade-off between mortality and growth was accounted for.
Conclusions:
Herbivores exert strong selection pressure on seedlings for the expression of defence traits.Adelayed
greening or red-coloured young leaf strategy in seedlings appears to be associated with higher survival for a given growth rate, and may thus influence the species composition of later life stages.

Key words: Delayed greening, seedling herbivory, young leaf colour, seedlings, tropical forest.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Annals of Botany

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Oxford : Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company., 2013

Deskripsi Fisik

Annals of Botany 112: 677–684, 2013

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

10958290

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

KEHUTANAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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