e-journal
Equality in Crimina Law: The Two Divergent We stern Roads
Abstract
Every western society embraces the ideal of equality before the criminal law.
However, as this article observes, that ideal is understood differently in the United
States and Continental Europe. American law generally demands that all citizens
face an equal threat of punishment, while continental European law generally demands
that all citizens face an equal threat of investigation and prosecution. This
contrast raises a sharp normative challenge: Is it better to think of equality before
the criminal law as pre-conviction equality or post-conviction equality? The article
makes the case that pre-conviction of the Continental kind is normatively superior.
It then asks why American law has opted for what seems a normatively inferior
solution, identifying a variety of factors in American culture and the common law
tradition that have encouraged the belief that true equality lies in the equal threat
of punishment rather than in the equal threat of prosecution.
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