e-journal
Non-symbiotic haemoglobins—What’s happening beyond nitric oxide scavenging?
Abstract.
Background and aims:
Non-symbiotic haemoglobins have been an active research topic for over 30 years, during
which time a considerable portfolio of knowledge has accumulated relative to their chemical
and molecular properties, and their presence and mode of induction in plants. While progress
has been made towards understanding their physiological role, there remain a number of
unanswered questions with respect to their biological function. This review attempts to
update recent progress in this area and to introduce a hypothesis as to how non-symbiotic
haemoglobins might participate in regulating hormone signal transduction.
Principal results:
Advances have been made towards understanding the structural nuances that explain some
of the differences in ligand association characteristics of class 1 and class 2 non-symbiotic
haemoglobins. Non-symbiotic haemoglobins have been found to function in seed development
and germination, flowering, root development and differentiation, abiotic stress
responses, pathogen invasion and symbiotic bacterial associations. Microarray analyses
under various stress conditions yield uneven results relative to non-symbiotic haemoglobin
expression. Increasing evidence of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hormone responses
and the known involvement of non-symbiotic haemoglobins in scavenging NO provide
opportunities for fruitful research, particularly at the cellular level.
Conclusions:
Circumstantial evidence suggests that non-symbiotic haemoglobins may have a critical
function in the signal transduction pathways of auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic
acid, cytokinin and abscisic acid. There is a strong need for research on haemoglobin gene
expression at the cellular level relative to hormone signal transduction.
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