e-journal
Petiole hyponasty: an ethylene-driven, adaptive response to changes in the environment
Abstract.
Background:
Many plant species can actively reorient their organs in response to dynamic environmental
conditions. Organ movement can be an integral part of plant development or can occur in
response to unfavourable external circumstances. These active reactions take place with or
without a directional stimulus and can be driven either by changes in turgor pressure or by
asymmetric growth. Petiole hyponasty is upward movement driven by a higher rate of cell
expansion on the lower (abaxial) compared with the upper (adaxial) side. Hyponasty is
common among rosette species facing environmental stresses such as flooding, proximity
of neighbours or elevated ambient temperature. The complex regulatory mechanism of hyponasty
involves activation of pathways at molecular and developmental levels, with ethylene
playing a crucial role.
Scope:
We present current knowledge on the mechanisms that promote hyponasty in the context of
other organ movements, including tropic and nastic reactions together with circumnutation.
We describe major environmental cues resulting in hyponasty and briefly discuss their perception
and signal transduction. Since ethylene is a central agent triggering hyponasty, we focus
on ethylene in controlling different stages during plant development and summarize current
knowledge on the relationship between ethylene and cell growth.
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