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Ecologically Based Pest Management: New Solutions for a New Century

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At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and with support from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Research Council’s
Board on Agriculture convened the 14-member Committee on Pest and Pathogen
Control through Management of Biological Control Agents and Enhanced Natural
Cycles and Processes to assess status of the knowledge in areas of pesticide
application, host resistance, and biological-control practices and to chart future
direction. Specifically, the committee was charged to address the following:
• Why do we need new arthropod, weed, and pathogen control methods in crop and forest
production systems?
• What can we realistically expect from investment in new technologies?
• How do we develop effective and profitable pest control systems that rely primarily
on ecological processes of control?
• How should we oversee and commercialize biological control organisms and products?

Given our charge and the record of history of the application of pesticides,
breeding for disease resistance, and integrating biological control practices into
production agriculture, my colleagues on the committee and I deliver this report
with one key message: In both science and application, researchers, providers of
inputs, and growers must progress from a product based approach to an ecologically
based pest management system identified as EBPM. Management is the
key word. In fact, the word control, as in biological control, is misleading. Pests
in most cases cannot be controlled; pests must be managed with the objectives of
a safe, profitable, and durable outcome.

With a better understanding of ecology, the inherent strengths of the managed
ecosystem can be used with more modest inputs than in the past. Essentially,
the change to EBPM as proposed here will require a substantial change
from the primary practice of product input to the primary mind set of information
and management. Ultimately, EBPM will help to address ecosystem health not
by administering products alone to treat symptoms, but by integrating components
that maximize use of natural processes with minimum development of
resistance.

EBPM will require regulatory oversight that matches the level of risk of
biological inputs added to the managed ecosystem. For example, synthetic chemicals
are new to the biosphere—they have no base of performance in the environment
or in relation to human health. However, biologically based organisms,
products, and resistant cultivars are inherently different, for the most part, from
synthetics. Biological processes, having existed in nature over time, provide a
base of experience that is a major resource to evaluate the safe application and
establish appropriate oversight of EBPM. Biologically based products are not
inherently different from synthetics in their vulnerability to development of resistance,
although history suggests that such will be less frequent. Users will need
to monitor managed ecosystems for early identification of pest resistance.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

New York : National Academy of Sciences., 1996

Deskripsi Fisik

xiii, 160 pages, 6 x 9

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

0309519853

Klasifikasi

632.9

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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