e-journal

Tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in Actinidia deliciosa

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† Background and Aims:
Dioecism characterizes many crop species of economic value, including kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Kiwifruit male sterility occurs at the microspore stage. The cellwalls of the microspores and the pollen of
the male-sterile and male-fertile flowers, respectively, differ in glucose and galactose levels. In numerous plants, pollen formation involves normal functioning and degeneration timing of the tapetum, with calcium and carbohydrates provided by the tapetum essential for male fertility. The aim of this study was to determine whether the anther wall controls male fertility in kiwifruit, providing calcium and carbohydrates to the microspores.

† Methods:
The events occurring in the anther wall and microspores of male-fertile and male-sterile anthers were
investigated by analyses of light microscopy, epifluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated
dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL assay) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron spectroscopy. The possibility that male sterility was related to anther tissue malfunctioning with regard to calcium/glucose/galactose provision to the microspores was also investigated by in vitro anther culture.

† KeyResults:
Both tapetum and the middle layer showed secretory activity and both degenerated by programmed cell death (PCD), but PCDwas later in male-sterile than in male-fertile anthers. Calcium accumulated in cellwalls of the
middle layer and tapetum and in the exine of microspores and pollen, reaching higher levels in antherwall tissues and dead microspores of male-sterile anthers.Aspecific supply of glucose and calcium induced normal pollen formation in in vitro-cultured anthers of the male-sterile genotype.

†Conclusions:
The results show that male sterility in kiwifruit is induced by anther wall tissues through prolonged secretory activity caused by a delay in PCD, in the middle layer in particular. In vitro culture results support the sporophytic control of male fertility in kiwifruit and open theway to applications to overcome dioecism and optimize kiwifruit production.

Key words: Actinidia deliciosa, anther, anther culture, calcium, dioecism, flower male fertility flower male sterility, glucose, middle layer, pollen, programmed cell death, tapetum.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Annals of Botany

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Oxford : Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company., 2013

Deskripsi Fisik

Annals of Botany 112: 1045–1055, 2013

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

112: 2013

Subjek

PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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