e-book

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE [PART 2]

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The eighth edition is a major revision in which there has been careful revision of the topics covered as well as changes in the depth of coverage. Many new figures and tables are included. Summary statements are given at the ends of the more difficult sections within chapters, and a summary appears at the end of each chapter.
Many nonagricultural examples are included to emphasize the importance of soil properties when soils are used in engineering and urban settings. The topics relating to environmental quality are found throughout the book to add interest to many chapters. Several examples of computer application are included.

The original Chapter 1, "Concepts of Soil," was split into two chapters. Each chapter emphasizes an important concept of soil-soil as a medium for plant growth and soil as a natural body. Topics covered in Chapter 1 include the factors affecting plant growth, root growth and distribution, nutrient availability (including the roles of root interception, mass flow and diffusion), and soil fertility and productivity. The importance of soils as a source of nutrients and water is stressed in Chapter 1 and elsewhere throughout the book. Chapter 2 covers the basic soil formation processes of humification of organic matter, mineral weathering,
leaching, and translocation of colloids. The important theme is soil as a three-dimensional body that is dynamic and ever-changing. The concepts developed in the first two chapters are used repeatedly throughout the book.

The next five chapters relate to soil physical properties and water. The material on tillage and traffic was expanded to reflect the increasing effect of tillage and traffic on soils and plant growth and is considered in Chapter 4. The nature of soil water is presented as a continuum of soil water potentials in Chapter 5. Darcy's law is developed and water flow is discussed as a function of the hydraulic gradient and conductivity. Darcy's Law is used in Chapter 6, "Soil Water Management," in regard to water movement in infiltration, drainage, and irrigation. Chapter 6 also covers disposal of sewage effluent in soils and prescription athletic turf (PAT) as an example of precision control of the water, air, and salt relationships in soils used for plant growth. "Soil Erosion," Chapter 7, has been slightly reorganized with greater emphasis on water and wind erosion processes.

Chapters 8 and 9, "Soil Ecology" and "Soil Organic Matter," are complimentary chapters relating to the biological aspects of soils. The kinds and nature of soil organisms and nutrient cycling remain as the central themes of Chapter 8. An expanded section on the rhizosphere has been included. The distinctions between labile and stable organic matter and the interaction of organic matter with the minerals (especially clays) are central themes of Chapter 9. Also, the concept of cation exchange capacity is minimally developed
i n the coverage of the nature of soil organic matter in Chapter 9.

Chapter 10, "Soil Mineralogy," and Chapter 11, "Soil Chemistry", are complimentary chapters relating to the mineralogical and chemical properties of soils. The evolution theme included in Chapter 2 is used to develop the concept of changing mineralogical and chemical properties with time. Soils are characterized as being minimally, moderately, and intensively weathered, and these distinctions are used in discussions of soil pH, liming, soil fertility and fertilizer use, soil genesis, and land use. Chapters 12 through 15 are concerned with the general area of soil fertility and fertilizer use. Chapters 12 and 13 cover the macronutrients and
micronutrients plus toxic elements, respectively. Chapters 14 and 15 cover the nature of fertilizers and the evaluation of soil fertility and the use of fertilizers, respectively. Greater stress has been placed on mass flow and diffusion in regard to nutrient uptake. The interaction of water and soil fertility is developed, and there is expanded coverage of soil fertility evaluation and the methods used to formulate fertilizer recommendations.

Recognition is made of the increasing frequency of high soil test results and the implications for fertilizer use and environmental quality. Greater coverage is given to animal manure as both a source of nutrients and a source of energy. Information on land application of sewage sludge and on sustainable agriculture has been added. Throughout these four chapters there is a greater emphasis on the importance of soil fertility and
fertilizers and on the environmental aspects of growing crops.

The next four chapters (Chapters 16, 17, 18, and 19) relate to the areas of soil genesis, soil taxonomy, soil geography and land use, and soil survey and land use interpretations. In this edition, the subjects of soil taxonomy (classification) and of soil survey and land use interpretations have received increased coverage in two small chapters. The emphasis in the soil geography and land use chapter is at the suborder level. References to lower categories are few. Color photographs of soil profiles are shown in Color Plates 5 and 6. No reference to Soil Taxonomy (USDA) is made until taxonomy is covered in Chapter 17. This allows a consideration of soil classification after soil properties have been covered. This arrangement also makes the book more desirable for use in two-year agricultural technology programs and overseas, in countries where Soil Taxonomy is not used.

The final chapter, "Land and the World Food Supply," includes a section on the world grain trade and examines the importance of nonagronomic factors in the food-population problem. Both English and metric units are used in the measurement of crop yields, and for some other parameters. Using both kinds of units should satisfy
both United States and foreign readers. Special thanks to Mary Foth for the artwork and to my late son-in-law, Nate Rufe, for photographic contributions. Over the years, many colleagues have responded to my queries to expand my knowledge and understanding. Others have provided photographs. The reviewers also have provided
an invaluable service. To these persons, I am grateful.

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.., 1990

Deskripsi Fisik

S591.F68 ; 631.4-dc20

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

0-471-52279-1

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

8th ed.

Subjek

ILMU TANAH PERTANIAN

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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