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Molecular Plant Breeding
The genomics revolution of the past decade has greatly enhanced our understanding of
the genetic composition of living organisms including many plant species of economic
importance. Complete genomic sequences of Arabidopsis and several major crops, together
with high-throughput technologies for analyses of transcripts, proteins and mutants, provide
the basis for understanding the relationship between genes, proteins and phenotypes.
Sequences and genes have been used to develop functional and biallelic markers, such as
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), that are powerful tools for genetic mapping, germplasm
evaluation and marker-assisted selection.
The road from basic genomics research to impacts on routine breeding programmes has
been long, windy and bumpy, not to mention scattered with wrong turns and unexpected
blockades. As a result, genomics can be applied to plant breeding only when an integrated
package becomes available that combines multiple components such as high-throughput
techniques, cost-effective protocols, global integration of genetic and environmental factors
and precise knowledge of quantitative trait inheritance. More recently, the end of the
tunnel has come in sight, and the multinational corporations have ramped up their investments
in and expectations from these technologies. The challenge now is to translate and
integrate the new knowledge from genomics and molecular biology into appropriate tools
and methodologies for public-sector plant breeding programmes, particularly those in lowincome
countries. It is expected that harnessing the outputs of genomics research will be
an important component in successfully addressing the challenge of doubling world food
production by 2050.
The term ‘molecular plant breeding’ has been much used and abused in the literature, and
thus loved or maligned in equal measure by the readership. In the context of this book, the
term is used to provide a simple umbrella for the multidisciplinary field of modern plant
breeding that combines molecular tools and methodologies with conventional approaches
for improvement of crop plants. This book is intended to provide comprehensive coverage
of the components that should be integrated within plant breeding programmes to develop
crop products in a more efficient and targeted way.
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