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Aquaculture Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Aquaculture is currently one of the fastest growing production sectors in the world. It now accounts for nearly half (45%) of the world’s food fish (which refers to production of aquatic animals: fish, crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians) and this increase is expected to reach 50% in 2015. Genetic engineering and biotechnology have contributed vastly to this field. The most commonly used methods in fish biotechnology are chromosome manipulation and hormone treatment which can be used to produce triploid, tetraploid, haploid, gynogenetic and androgenetic fish. In Chapter 1— Transgenic Fish— Arvanitoyannis and Tserkezou have described various aspects of genetic engineering in development of transgenic fish.

Montet and his colleagues in Chapter 2 have discussed the application of PCR-DGGE method in tracing the geographical origin of fish using native bacterial flora as a biological marker. This technique is quicker (less than 24 h) than all the classical microbial techniques and can be considered as a provider of a unique biological bar code.

The various bacterial fish diseases, and both, bacterial and viral, shrimp diseases and their molecular diagnostic methods have been addressed in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. The benefits of using molecular tools are their high sensitivity and specificity. The disadvantages are that they detect nucleic acid in general and not necessarily a viable pathogen. Intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been associated with the increase of bacterial resistance in the exposed microbial environment (water, sediment, fish bacteria). Sarter and Guichard in Chapter 5 have addressed the detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture such as (i) once acquired, resistance genes can be maintained even in the absence of the corresponding antibiotic, (ii) farming practices impact extends beyond the individual farm environment, and (iii) in response to the antibiotic pressure, bacteria optimizes its resistance system towards multiple drugs to survive leading to multi-resistance patterns.

Consequently, the contamination of the environment with bacterial pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents is a real threat not only as a source of disease but also as a source from which resistance genes can easily spread to other pathogens of diverse origins, which has severe implications on both animal and human health.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccination is considered as a promising strategy to combat various bacterial and viral diseases in aquaculture. Chapter 6 by Gillund and his colleagues describe some of the prospects and constraints of DNA vaccination in aquaculture. There is a need for further investigation especially concerning immunological reactions following DNA vaccine injection, the fate of the DNA vaccines after
injection and environmental release of the DNA vaccine.

Probiotics, commonly refers to the lactic acid bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, etc.) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), are culture products or live microbial feed supplements, which beneficially affects the host by improving the intestinal (microbial) balance of humans and animals and should be capable of commercialization. Use of probiotics in aquaculture is comparatively new and in Chapter 7, Austin and Brunt have discussed the recent progress in the application of probiotics in freshwater aquaculture, mode of action of probiotics and future development.

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

New Hampshire : Science Publishers., 2009

Deskripsi Fisik

SH171.A72; 639.3--dc22

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

978-1-57808-574-3

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

Volume 1

Subjek

MIKROBIOLOGI AKUAKULTUR

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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