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Chemical Analysis in the Laboratory: A Basic Guide
Analytical science is recognised as a key technology of critical importance
to the needs of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and of
sectors such as agriculture, food, medicine, environment, forensics,
engineering etc. It is truly an interdisciplinary science and maybe
considered as a virtual sector in its own right. Analytical science
provides the measurement information on which much government and
consumer legislation is based (e. g. levels of atmospheric pollutants from
motor vehicles and polyunsaturated fats in processed foods) and can be
considered as the problem-solving science. The analytical scientist has
to interact with scientists and technologists from both inside and
outside the natural sciences and also with the general public, all of
whom are reliant on the knowledge and skills of the analyst to help
solve their problems or to provide the relevant information. Any
analysis can be described in model terms by a combination of unit
processes, starting with a decision of the objectives for carrying out the
analysis and ending with an assessment of the validity of the data
produced and its relevance to the stated objectives. It is frequently the
primary role of the analytical scientist, in discussion with the client, to
ascertain the reasons for carrying out the analysis and the objectives
that are to be achieved. The breadth of knowledge of the anlytical
scientist will enable the correct route to be undertaken in order that the
objectives may be satisfied.
There are many good analytical textbooks now available, however
most concentrate on a detailed discussion of analytical techniques (e.g.
those based upon the principles of chromatography and spectroscopy),
and at the expense of the more fundamental considerations of why the
analysis is to be carried out and how the samples are to be taken. Whilst
most modern texts will introduce the reader to the importance of
sampling, many gloss over the serious errors which may be introduced
into the results if the sampling protocol is not undertaken in a logical
and statistically significant manner.
This book, written mainly from an applied biological sciences viewpoint
does attempt to address, in an interactive way, many of the
fundamental issues that affect analysis, particularly the initial decision
making process used to define objectives and the assessment of the
subsequent data, including how to estimate measurement uncertainty.
The practicalities of sampling are well addressed, with examples quoted
that relate to many popular agricultural and environmental situations.
Other chapters consider the safety aspects of working in a laboratory,
the care and use of normal laboratory equipment, sample preparation,
manipulation of units and preparation of standard solutions. Some of
these topics seem not to be taught much nowadays, but are vital to
good results.
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