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Accounting for firms’ training programs: an exploratory study
Purpose – This paper aims to analyse two competing approaches to accounting for a firm’s
investment in staff-training activities: the accounting and labour economics approach (which argues
that no asset should be recognized from training activity); and the human resources management
approach (which advocates recognition of an asset).
Design/methodology/approach – A case study analysis was conducted in two large Portuguese
companies where human capital is said to be a critical factor of firm success. The authors used
document analysis and interviews to help understand the training phenomenon from a company’s
point of view. This meant knowing of motivations, training programme curricula, training practices
and expected benefits of training.
Findings – The paper identifies and defines two situations concerning a firm’s investment in human
capital training: one, where no asset (value) is generated; and the other, where the accounting definition
of an asset, requiring value generation, is satisfied.
Research limitations/implications – Case studies possess the strength of specific instance detail
and interpretation, and the ostensible weakness of interpretation of a small sample. But such research
can provide for a reframing of conceptual perspectives. They can stimulate additional efforts to
improve accounting and financial reporting.
Practical implications – A guideline system for firm investment in training was developed. This
system allows different accounting treatments of a firm’s investment in training activity. It proceeds
on the basis of perceptions of whether training activity undertaken by a firm generates, or does not
generate, value.
Originality/value – This paper provides a much-needed case-based empirical analysis of
accounting and human capital arguments, and asset recognition arguments. It clarifies the
situations in which an asset should be regarded as being generated by training expenditure.
Keywords Accounting, Training, Human capital
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