e-book

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology

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Some 2300 years ago Hippocrates wrote: ‘My other topic is water, and I now wish to give an account both about waters that cause disease and about those that are healthy, and what bad things arise from water and what good things. For water contributes very much to health.’ So our appreciation of a relationship between the
water we use and our health has been with us for a very long time. Hippocrates was unlikely to have been the first person to realise the existence of this relationship and we have probably known since our species evolved that water of adequate quantity and quality is essential for our survival and our health.

We now know (and have known for just over 100 years) that water quality is governed by (but, of course, not only by) microorganisms – the viruses, bacteria and parasites that can infect us and may (and very often do) make us ill. Microorganisms are also central to wastewater treatment and the reuse of treated wastewaters – we exploit them to treat our wastes biologically (actually, microbiologically), and we must ensure that pathogenic microorganisms are removed in the treatment processes to a level at which they do not cause
any excess disease resulting from wastewater use in agriculture or aquaculture.

Water disinfection, usually with chlorine, has been practised in many parts of the world (but regrettably not all) for over 100 years. Water chlorination is a very efficient process: it kills bacteria very quickly (but viruses more slowly, and protozoa such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium hardly at all). Faecal bacterial numbers, in particular, are reduced to zero, and thus early water engineers judged the quality of chlorinated water supplies quite simply on whether faecal indicator bacteria – principally coliform bacteria – were present in the disinfected water or not. Zero coliforms, and zero faecal coliforms, quickly became the microbiological goal of drinking water quality. No-one would really question the general sense of this
goal – chlorinate your water and you get zero coliforms per 100 ml, so everything’s OK. End of story.

Life is rarely this simple, and water and wastewater microbiology is no exception. Emerging water-borne pathogens (Cryptosporidium, for example) require us to have a deeper understanding of water microbiology. Optimizing (really, maximizing) microbiological wastewater treatment also requires a knowledge of microbiology greater than that possessed by many design engineers. Structural engineers have a pretty good understanding of concrete, for example – so why shouldn’t those who design activated sludge plants or waste
stabilization ponds have an equal appreciation of the microorganisms whose activities are essential to the treatment process they are designing?

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : Academic Press An Imprint of Elsevier., 2003

Deskripsi Fisik

628.106

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

0-12-470100-0

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

BIOLOGI
MIKROBIOLOGI AIR

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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