e-journal
GAAP convergence or convergence Gap: unfolding ten years of accounting change
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add to the literature on accounting change in explaining a
decade-long effort by the FASB and IASB to develop a set of global accounting standards accepted by
markets worldwide. This research studies the effort as one of “convergence” in accounting standards
and aims to bring theoretical and empirical clarity as to how we can conceptualize the notion
of convergence.
Design/methodology/approach – Through a longitudinal study of 23 key FASB-IASB projects
undertaken between 2002 and 2011, this paper analyzes processes of accounting change using a
blend of institutional theory and political economy. A process perspective provides a method to
unfold variants of accounting change by identifying patterns that help us to understand the conditions
for and characteristics of convergence.
Findings – The author highlights specific variants of accounting change observed during the
convergence effort – direct emulation, difference reduction and progressive redesign – as analogous to
institutional processes. Where direct emulation and difference reduction reflect institutional processes
of imitation and editing or translation, respectively, the author shows how progressive redesign
of accounting standards goes beyond these classical categorizations to encompass the notion of
“institutional co-construction” (Djelic, 2008).
Research limitations/implications – A longer (shorter) period of study and a greater (lesser)
number of projects could be argued for a more comprehensive (more detailed) study; however, limiting
the period and project to the terms of the formal convergence program allows for forces driving this
particular process to be isolated and their effects extrapolated to broader thinking on accounting and
global regulation.
Originality/value – This research informs the global standard-setting community of the evolution
of convergence and the factors which impact that evolution by revealing the influence of various
institutions, actors and events over time. In particular, the author identifies the impact of the
competitive and cooperative conditions under which the FASB-IASB convergence effort operated and
reveal how these conditions were influenced by the macro-level economic and political developments
occurring over the period.
Keywords Change processes, Accounting convergence, Global standard-setting
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