e-book

Mechanical Behavior of Materials

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The term “mechanical behavior” encompasses the response of materials to external
forces. This text considers a wide range of topics. These include mechanical testing to
determine material properties, plasticity for FEM analyses of automobile crashes, means
of altering mechanical properties, and treatment of several modes of failure.
The two principal responses of materials to external forces are deformation and fracture.
The deformation may be elastic, viscoelastic (time-dependent elastic deformation),
plastic, or creep (time-dependent plastic deformation). Fracture may occur suddenly or
after repeated application of loads (fatigue). For some materials, failure is timedependent.
Both deformation and fracture are sensitive to defects, temperature, and rate
of loading.

The key to understanding these phenomena is a basic knowledge of the threedimensional
nature of stress and strain and common boundary conditions, which are
covered in the first chapter. Chapter 2 covers elasticity, including thermal expansion.
Chapters 3 and 4 treat mechanical testing. Chapter 5 is focused on mathematical approximations
to stress–strain behavior of metals and how these approximations can be used
to understand the effect of defects on strain distribution in the presence of defects. Yield
criteria and flow rules are covered in Chapter 6. Their interplay is emphasized in problem
solving. Chapter 7 treats temperature and strain-rate effects and uses an Arrhenius
approach to relate them. Defect analysis is used to understand superplasticity as well as
strain distribution.

Chapter 8 is devoted to the role of slip as a deformation mechanism. The tensor
nature of stresses and strains is used to generalize Schmid’s law. Lattice rotations caused
by slip are covered. Chapters 9 and 10 treat dislocations: their geometry, movement, and
interactions. There is a treatment of stacking faults in fcc metals and how they affect
strain-hardening. Hardening by intersections of dislocations is emphasized. Chapter 11
treats the various hardening mechanisms in metallic materials. Mechanical twinning is
covered in Chapter 12.

Chapter 13 presents a phenomenological and qualitative treatment of ductility, and
Chapter 14 focuses on quantitative coverage of fracture mechanics.
Viscoelasticity (time-dependent elasticity) is treated in Chapter 15. Mathematical
models are presented and used to explain stress and strain relaxation as well as damping
and rate dependence of the elastic modulus. Several mechanisms of damping are presented.
Chapter 16 is devoted to creep (time-dependent plasticity) and stress rupture. The
coverage includes creep mechanisms and extrapolation techniques for predicting life.
Failure by fatigue is the topic of Chapter 17. The chapter starts with a phenomenological
treatment of the S–N curve and the effects of mean stress, variable stress amplitude,
and surface condition. The important material aspects, Coffin’s law, and the crack propagation
rate are treated. Chapter 18 covers residual stresses and their origins, effects,
measurement, and removal.

Chapters 19, 20, and 21 cover ceramics, polymers, and composites. Separate chapters
are devoted to these materials because their mechanical behavior is very different from
that of metals,whichwere emphasized in the earlier chapters. Because ceramics and glass
are brittle and their properties are variable,Weibul analysis is presented here. Chapter 19
also covers methods of improving toughness of ceramics and the role of thermally induced
stresses. The most important aspect of the mechanical behavior of polymers is their great
time dependence and the associated temperature dependence. The effects of pressure
on yielding and the phenomenon of crazing are also unique. Rubber elasticity is very
different from Hookean elasticity. Composites may be divided into fiber, sheet, and
particulate composites. With fiber-reinforced composites, the orientation and length of
the fibers control properties. The volume fraction of the stronger, stiffer phase controls
the overall properties of all composites.

The final chapter on metal forming analyzes bulk-forming and sheet-forming operations.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

New York : Cambridge University Press., 2005

Deskripsi Fisik

xvii, 425 Hlm.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9780511115752

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

TEKNIK SIPIL

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

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