e-journal
Reducing the variation of environmental footprint estimates based on multiregional input–output databases
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study reducing the variation of environmental footprint
estimates based on multiregional input– output (MRIO) databases. Footprint estimates from various
MRIO databases sometimes vary significantly. As a result, conclusions about the absolute levels or
trends of a footprint may be inconsistent. The sources of these variations are attributable to three
phases in the footprint calculations: differences in data preparation, MRIO database construction and
footprint calculation.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a literature overview and a breakdown of
the computation of footprints based on MRIO database. Based on these insights, strategies that lead to
lower variation in footprint estimates are formulated.
Findings – Convergence of footprint estimates require enhanced cooperation amongst academics,
among statisticians and between academics and statisticians.
Originality/value – Reducing the variation in footprint estimates is a major challenge. This paper
aims to contribute to this convergence in three ways. First, this paper provides the first overview of
footprint work at statistical offices, government agencies and international organisations. These are the
front-runners that may play a role in cooperating with academics (and other statistical offices) to resolve
some of the issues. Second, a detailed analysis of the sources of the variation in estimates is provided.
These problems are illustrated using examples from the various MRIO databases and the data of
Statistics Netherlands. Third, strategies are discussed that might help reduce variation between
footprint estimates.
Keywords Input– output tables, Environmental accounts, Footprint, Multi-regional input– output,Official statistics, Supply and use tables
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