e-book
Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies
This volume covers the technologies that are applied to the treatment and
purification of water. Those who are generally familiar with this field will
immediately embrace the subject as a treatise on solid-liquid separations. However,
the subject is much broader, in that the technologies discussed are not just restricted
to pollution control hardware that rely only upon physical methods of treating and
purifymg wastewaters. The book attempts to provide as wide a coverage as possible
those technologies applicable to both water (e.g., drinking water) and wastewater
(Le., industrial and municipal) sources. The methods and technologies discussed
are a combination of physical, chemical and thermal techniques.
There are twelve chapters. The first of these provides an orientation of terms and
concepts, along with reasons why water treatment practices are needed. This
chapter also sets the stage for the balance of the book by providing an
organizational structure to the subjects discussed. The second chapter covers the AB-
Cs of filtration theory and practices, which is one of the fundamental unit
operations addressed in several chapters of the book. Chapter 3 begins to discuss
the chemistry of wastewater and focuses in on the use of chemical additives that
assist in physical separation processes for suspended solids. Chapters 4 through 7
cover technology-specific filtration practices. There is a wide range of hardware
options covered in these three chapters, with applications to both municipal and
industrial sides of the equation. Chapter 8 covers the subjects of sedimentation,
clarification flotation, and coalescence, and gets us back into some of the chemistry
issues that are important achieving high quality water. Chapter 9 covers membrane
separation technologies which are applied to the purification of drinking water.
Chapter 10 covers two very important water purification technologies that have
found applications not only in drinking water supply and beverage industry
applications, but in groundwater remediation applications. These technologies are
ion exchange and carbon adsorption. Chapter 11 covers chemical and non-chemical
water sterilization technologies, which are critical to providing high quality drinking
water. The last chapter focuses on the solid waste of wastewater treatment - sludge.
This chapter looks not only at physico-chemical and thermal methods of sludge
dewatering, but we explore what can be done with these wastes and their impact on
the overall costs that are associated with a water treatment plant operation. Sludge,
like water, can be conditioned and sterilized, thereby transforming it from a costly
waste, requiring disposal, to a useful byproduct that can enter into secondary
markets. Particular emphasis is given to pollution prevention technologies that are
not only more environmentally friendly than conventional waste disposal practices,
but more cost effective.
What I have attempted to bring to this volume is some of my own philosophy in
dealing with water treatment projects. As such, each chapter tries to embrace the
individual subject area from a first-principles standpoint, and then explore case
specific approaches. Tackling problems in this field from a generalized approach
oftentimes enables us to borrow solutions and approaches to water treatment from
a larger arsenal of information. And a part of this arsenal is the worldwide Web.
This is not only a platform for advertising and selling equipment, but there is a
wealth of information available to help address various technical aspects of water
treatment. You will find key Web sites cited throughout the book, which are useful
to equipment selection and sizing, as well as for troubleshooting treatment plant
operational problems.
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