e-journal
Is the learning organization idea relevant to higher educational institutions? A literature review and a “multi-stakeholder contingency approach”
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine systematically and reflectively the relevance of
four different aspects/types of the learning organization idea to higher educational institutions (HEIs),
from three ideal-typical stakeholder perspectives: the managerial perspective, the employee
perspective and the societal perspective.
Design/methodology/approach – Literature review of 73 prior works on the relevance of the
learning organization idea to HEIs, and a systematic examination from different stakeholder
perspectives, i.e. an examination based on a “multi-stakeholder contingency approach.”
Findings – The learning organization idea needs to be reformulated to some extent to become fully
relevant to HEIs.
Research limitations/implications – The “multi-stakeholder contingency approach” can be used
advantageously in any contextualization study of the learning organization idea as well as in
contextualizing any other fashionable management idea.
Practical implications – The learning organization idea should not be adopted uncritically by HEIs,
nor should it be uncritically rejected. In particular, HEIs should avoid becoming too organic and instead,
be moderate when adopting the “learning structure” aspect/type of the learning organization idea.
Social implications – It is recommended that the societal perspective be prioritized, in that HEIs are
mainly for society.
Originality/value – In contrast to the previous stock of literature on HEIs as learning organizations,
which, generally speaking, is non-cumulative, uncritical, incongruent and unsystematic, this paper
systematically and reflectively examines the relevance of various definitions of the learning
organization from diverse and explicit stakeholder perspectives.
Keywords Higher education, Adoption, Diffusion, Adaptation, Stakeholder, Management fashion,Organizational learning, Contingency, Learning organization, Higher educational institutions,Management idea, Management knowledge
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