e-journal
Immigration, education and entrepreneurship in developed countries
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a country-level consideration of the relationship
between entrepreneurship, immigration and education. In contrast to studies that report on
immigration and entrepreneurship in a region or single country, the authors seek to determine whether
levels of immigration, and the level of education obtained by the immigrants, are predictive of levels of
entrepreneurship activity. A common set of variables and data from developed countries are used to
test the hypothesized relationships.
Design/methodology/approach – Using data on 21 OECD countries and five measures of
entrepreneurship from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project, the authors assess the
significance of immigration and education level on entrepreneurial activity using regression analysis.
Findings – The stock of immigrants in a country was found to be predictive of the proportion of that
country’s population involved in starting and managing a new business (early stage entrepreneurship),
as well as the growth expectations held by those early-stage entrepreneurs. Also, levels of high growth
and high growth expectation entrepreneurship were predicted by the proportion of more
highly-educated immigrants.
Originality/value – This study provides national-level comparative evidence linking
entrepreneurial activity to immigration and to the level of education obtained by those immigrants,
thereby adding to our understanding of immigration, education and entrepreneurship. The results
have implications for the immigration policies of countries seeking to add to their economic base by
encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation.
Keywords Entrepreneurialism, Immigration, Migration, Public policy, Education, International,Human capital
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