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An institutional remedy for ethnic patronage politics
When the difference between winning and losing elections is large, elites have incentives to use
ethnicity to control access to spoils, mobilizing some citizens and excluding others. This paper
presents a new electoral mechanism, the turn-taking institution, that could move states away
from ethnically mediated patron–client politics. With this mechanism, the whole executive term
goes to a sufficiently inclusive supermajority coalition; if no coalition qualifies, major coalitions
take short, alternating turns several times before the next election. A decision-theoretic model
shows how the turn-taking institution would make it easier for mass-level actors to coordinate
on socially productive policy and policy-making processes. We argue this institution would raise
the price elites would pay to deploy and enforce exclusive ethnic markers.
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