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The Role of External Environment in Upper Echelons Theory: A Review of Existing Literature and Future Research Directions

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Upper echelons research has largely focused on the antecedents and consequences of top management teams (TMTs) from the team and firm levels of analysis. This paper reviews empirical research on TMTs with a specific emphasis on the role of the external environment. Applying institutional and industrial organization theories, a cross-level conceptual
model outlining the direct, mediating, and moderating effects of the external environment on upper echelons is developed. This review distinguishes between industry and institutional levels of analysis and three types of
environmental characteristics: stable, dynamic, and transformational. The paper further explains the relationships between each category of characteristics and firm upper echelons, and outlines possible avenues for future research.

Keywords
top management teams, upper echelons, external environment, institutions,industry characteristics, TMT composition, TMT processes, firm strategy,performance

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Group & Organization Management

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

: The Author., 2014

Deskripsi Fisik

Group & Organization Management 2014, Vol. 39(1) 69– 109

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

EKONOMI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Wati/Agus

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