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A Dressing Method in Mathematical Physics
Generally, the term “dressing” implies a construction that contains a transformation from a simpler (bare, seed) state of a system to a more advanced, dressed state. In particular cases, dressing transformations, as the purely algebraic construction, are realized in terms of the B¨acklund transformations which act in the space of solutions of the nonlinear equation, or the Darboux transformations (DTs) acting in the space of solutions of the associated linear problem.
At the same time, it should be stressed that the term “dressed” has appeared for the first time perhaps in quantum field theory that operates with the states of bare and dressed particles or quasiparticles. These states are interconnected by operators whose properties have much in common, no matter whether we speak about electrons or phonons. The study of these operators, which goes back to Heisenberg and Fock, was in due course one of the stimuli for active promotion of the methods of the Lie groups and algebras in physics.
In mathematical physics, the operators of this sort occur under different names, like creation–annihilation, raising–lowering, or ladder operators. The factorization method widely applicable in quantum mechanics consists
in fact in dressing of the vacuum state by the creation operators which are obtained as a result of the factorization of the Schr¨odinger operator. The property of intertwining of the dressing operators is ultimately connected with the algebraic construction known as supersymmetry.
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