e-journal

Benchmark dose of cadmium concentration in rice for renal effects in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan

---

The aim of this study was to estimate the reference level of cadmium in rice as the benchmark doses (BMD) and
their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) for various renal effects by applying an updated hybrid approach. The participants were 1120 men and 1274 women aged 50 years or older who lived in the environmentally exposed Kakehashi river basin for at least 30 years. As indicators of renal dysfunction, glucose, protein, aminonitrogen, metallothionein and β2-microgrobulin in urine were measured. Cadmium concentration was determined for rice samples stored in warehouses of the farmers in all of the polluted hamlets. The BMD and BMDL that corresponded to an additional risk of 5% were calculated with background risk at a zero exposure set at 5%. The obtained BMDLs were 0.39 (aminonitrogen), 0.26 (metallothionein), 0.25 (β2-microgrobulin) mg kg–1 in men and 0.44 (glucose), 0.32 (protein), 0.33 (aminonitrogen), 0.28 (metallothionein) and 0.24 (β2-microgrobulin) mg kg–1 in women. The lowest BMDL was 0.25 and 0.24 mg kg–1 (β2-microgrobulin) in men and women respectively. These values were lower than the maximum level (0.4 mg kg–1) determined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, indicating that these BMDLs may contribute to further discussion on the health risk assessment of cadmium exposure.


Keywords: benchmark dose; cadmium concentration in rice; continuous data; environmental exposure; human; renal effect; risk assessment

---

Ketersediaan

Tidak ada salinan data

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

J. Appl. Toxicol.

No. Panggil

-

Penerbit

: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2015

Deskripsi Fisik

J. Appl. Toxicol. 2015; 35: 24–28

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

-

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

-

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

FISIKA

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Wati/Agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar