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Rapid thermal processing annealing challenges for large scale Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films

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Electrodeposition followed by rapid thermal annealing is a favorable process for industrial solar thin film fabrication. In this regard, we attempt to develop a process for earth-abundant pure sulfide kesterite solar cells fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) at pre-industrial scale (1515 cm2). Synthesis at a large scale is a challenging issue that we attempt to address discussing the choice of annealing parameters. We found out that in our system a low background pressure is needed to ensure a good vapors distribution. However, S, SnS, Zn volatilities are enhanced, making difficult the control of the composition. Annealing temperature profile has a strong influence on the final absorber composition. The introduction of an intermediate reactive pre-alloying step previously to the
high temperature annealing is shown to help to obtain more compact absorbers, leading to a maximum power conversion
efficiency of 2.4% for a 0.435 cm2 CZTS device.


Keywords annealing, Cu2ZnSnS4, kesterites, rapid thermal processing, thin films

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Phys. Status Solidi

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2015

Deskripsi Fisik

Phys. Status Solidi A 212, No. 1, 103–108 (2015)

Bahasa

English

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

FISIKA

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