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Biomimicking Topographic Elastomeric Petals (E-Petals)for Omnidirectional Stretchable and Printable Electronics
The booming of research in ultrafl exible, stretchable, and wearable electronics in the past decade has witnessed the remarkable development of advanced materials, [ 1–3 ] structures, [ 4–9 ] and devices [ 10–19 ] that can function under large tensile strains (1%). In particular, the realization of highly conductive and stretchable
metal interconnects, contacts, and electrodes are recognized as one critical milestone for these thin fi lm devices. [ 2,13,20–24 ] Conventionally,metals are considered as rigid and nonstretchable materials due to their high Young’s modulus, e.g., >100 GPa in the case of Cu. [ 25 ] As a consequence, metal thin fi lms deposited on plastic or fl at elastic substrates crack seriously even when a small tensile strain was applied. [ 26,27 ] This challenge has
been partially overcome by engineering planar metal thin fi lms into wavy geometries, which make use of the reversible elastic deformation of wavy structures during stretch-release activities to prevent cracking on metal. Two major wavy geometries, being buckle [ 28–33 ] and serpentine, [ 7,21,25,34,35 ] have been reported
the most to date.
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