e-journal
The Delivery of Bad News in Organizations: A Framework for Analysis
The delivery of bad news is at the center of many organizational processes. Despite the variety
of organizational processes involving the delivery of bad news, there is no integrative framework
that guides its study. Based on a literature review of professionals who deliver bad news
as part of their occupations, this article presents a framework that conceptualizes the delivery
of bad news as a process involving a variety of activities in three different, but interrelated,
phases—preparation, delivery, and transition. This three-phase model is the guiding framework
for the literature review. The article identifies the strategic functions served by different bad
news management activities and highlights many dilemmas facing managers in the delivery of
bad news. The article concludes with identifying new directions for research on the delivery of
bad news in organizations.
Keywords: bad news; leadership; justice; impression management; coping
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