e-journal

MADS goes genomic in conifers: towards determining the ancestral set of MADS-box genes in seed plants

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† Background and Aims: MADS-box genes comprise a gene family coding for transcription factors. This gene
family expanded greatly during land plant evolution such that the number of MADS-box genes ranges from one
or two in green algae to around 100 in angiosperms. Given the crucial functions of MADS-box genes for nearly
all aspects of plant development, the expansion of this gene family probably contributed to the increasing complexity of plants. However, the expansion of MADS-box genes during one important step of land plant evolution, namely the origin of seed plants, remains poorly understood due to the previous lack of whole-genome data for gymnosperms.

† Methods: The newly available genome sequences of Picea abies, Picea glauca and Pinus taedawere used to identify the complete set of MADS-box genes in these conifers. In addition, MADS-box genes were identified in the growing number of transcriptomes available for gymnosperms.With these datasets, phylogenies were constructed to determine the ancestral set of MADS-box genes of seed plants and to infer the ancestral functions of these genes.

† Key Results: Type I MADS-box genes are under-represented in gymnosperms and only a minimum of two Type I
MADS-box genes have been present in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of seed plants. In contrast, a large number of Type II MADS-box genes were found in gymnosperms. The MRCA of extant seed plants probably possessed at least 11–14Type IIMADS-boxgenes. In gymnospermstwo duplications ofType IIMADS-boxgeneswere
found, such that the MRCA of extant gymnosperms had at least 14–16 Type II MADS-box genes.

†Conclusions The implied ancestral set of MADS-boxgenes for seed plants shows simplicity forType IMADS-box
genes and remarkable complexity for Type II MADS-box genes in terms of phylogeny and putative functions. The
analysis of transcriptome data reveals that gymnosperm MADS-box genes are expressed in a great variety of tissues, indicating diverse roles ofMADS-boxgenes for the development of gymnosperms. This study is the first that provides a comprehensive overview of MADS-box genes in conifers and thus will provide a framework for future work on MADS-box genes in seed plants.

Key words: MADS-box gene, flower development, gymnosperm, conifer, seed plant, spruce, pine, Picea, Pinus,
ancestral gene set, most recent common ancestor, MRCA.

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Annals of Botany

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Oxford : Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company., 2014

Deskripsi Fisik

Annals of Botany 114: 1407–1429, 2014

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

doi:10.1093/aob/mcu0

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

114:2014

Subjek

BIOLOGI
BOTANI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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