e-journal

Western Europe, State Formation, and Genetic Pacification

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Through its monopoly on violence, the State tends to pacify social relations. Such pacification proceeded slowly in Western Europe between the 5th and 11th centuries, being hindered by the rudimentary nature of law enforcement, the belief in a man’s right to settle personal disputes as he saw fit, and the Church’s opposition to the death penalty. These hindrances began to dissolve in the 11th century with a consensus by Church and State that the wicked should be punished so that the good may live in peace. Courts imposed the death penalty more and more often and, by the late Middle Ages, were condemning to death between 0.5 and 1.0% of all men of each generation, with perhaps just as many offenders dying at the scene of the crime or in prison while awaiting trial. Meanwhile, the homicide rate plummeted from the 14th century to the 20th. The pool of violent men dried up until most murders occurred under conditions of jealousy, intoxication, or extreme stress. The decline in personal violence is usually attributed to harsher punishment and the longer-term effects of cultural conditioning. It may also be, however, that this new cultural environment selected against propensities for violence.

Keywords: aggression, gene-culture co-evolution, pacification, state formation, violence, Western Europe

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Evolutionary Psychology

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Portugal : ., 2015

Deskripsi Fisik

Evolutionary Psychology 2015

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

1474-7049

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

Volume 13(1). 2015

Subjek

PSIKOLOGI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Mutia/Agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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