e-journal

Measuring Preference for Supernormal Over Natural Rewards: A Two-Dimensional Anticipatory Pleasure Scale

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Supernormal (SN) stimuli are artificial products that activate reward pathways and approach behavior more so than naturally occurring stimuli for which these systems were intended. Many modern consumer products (e.g., snack foods, alcohol, and pornography) appear to incorporate SN features, leading to excessive consumption, in preference to naturally occurring alternatives. No measure currently exists for the self-report assessment of individual differences or changes in susceptibility to such stimuli. Therefore, an anticipatory pleasure scale was modified to include items that represented both SN and natural (N) classes of rewarding stimuli. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution, and as predicted, N and SN items reliably loaded on separate dimensions. Internal reliability for the two scales was high, r ¼.93 and r ¼.90, respectively. The two-dimensional measure was evaluated via regression using the N and SN scale means as predictors and self-reports of daily consumption of 21
products with SN features as outcomes. As expected, SN pleasure ratings were related to higher SN product consumption, while N pleasure ratings had either negative or neutral associations to consumption of these products. We conclude that the resulting two-dimensional measure is a potentially reliable and valid self-report measure of differential preference for SN stimuli. While further evaluation is needed (e.g., using experimental measures), the proposed scale may play a useful role in the study of both trait- and state-based variation in human susceptibility to SN stimuli.

Keywords
anticipatory pleasure scale, supernormal stimuli, natural stimuli, reward

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Evolutionary Psychology

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

U.S.A : SAGE., 2015

Deskripsi Fisik

Evolutionary Psychology 2015

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

DOI: 10.1177/1474704

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

2015: 1–11

Subjek

PSIKOLOGI

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Mutia/Agus

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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