e-journal
Cells of the Immune System
The immune system includes a range of cell types with different roles in defending the body against infection. Many of these cells arise in the bone marrow, circulate in the blood and can migrate into solid tissues. Immune
responses involve interactions between some of these cells and/or their secreted products. B and T lymphocytes specifically react to microbial antigens: activated B lymphocytes secrete antigen-binding antibodies, and subpopulations of T lymphocytes possess regulatory or cytotoxic functions. Natural killer cells are also cytotoxic cells of the lymphoid lineage, but they do not possess properties of antigen recognition. Different types of dendritic cells present antigens to T and B lymphocytes. Blood monocytes give rise to tissue macrophages that are phagocytes, as are circulating neutrophils, which are the most plentiful type of granulocyte. Other circulating granulocytes are eosinophils that secrete toxic mediators, and basophils that, in common with tissue mast cells, are important sources of inflammatory mediators. Other cells contribute to immune and inflammatory responses, including endothelial cells, erythrocytes and platelets.
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