e-journal
The toxic mechanism and bioactive components of Chinese leek root exudates acting against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4
Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious threats to banana production worldwide. The disease is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), especially tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). It has been reported that crop rotation and intercropping of Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum) with banana can effectively reduce incidence of the disease in the field. In this study, we investigated the toxic mechanism
and bioactive compounds of Chinese leek root exudates (CLREs) acting against Foc TR4. In vitro experiments showed that CLREs inhibit the germination and growth of Foc TR4, initiate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and trigger a decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). In addition, it induced decreases in the expression of ergosterol biosynthesis genes, and up-regulated the expression of genes associated with autophagy. Dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide, 2-propenyl methyl disulfide, 2-propenyl methyl trisulfide, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol are major components of CLREs volatiles, and strongly inhibit Foc TR4 development. These results suggest that CLREs induce cell death in Foc TR4 by inducing oxidative bursts, mitochondrial impairment, and plasma membrane depolarization. In addition, sulfur and phenolic compounds contribute to its antifungal activity.
Keywords Chinese leek root exudates (CLREs) . Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) . Toxicmechanism . Bioactive compounds
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