e-journal
Origin of Ostryopsis intermedia (Betulaceae) in the southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau through hybrid speciation
It remains unknown how Ostryopsis intermedia B. Tian & J. Q. Liu (Betulaceae) originated in the SE
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). We examined sequence variations of two maternally inherited chloroplast (cp) DNA
fragments and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) of 32 populations for this species and two
congeners, O. davidiana Decne. and O. nobilis Balf. f. W. W. Sm., distributed in northern China and the SE QTP.
Each of the two distinct cpDNA haplotype groups was fixed by O. davidiana or O. intermedia, respectively, whereas
both were found in O. nobilis. All analyses of AFLP suggested that O. intermedia is more closely related to O.
davidiana than to O. nobilis and Bayesian clustering analysis (K¼2) further suggested that the genomic composition
of O. intermedia showed a slightly mosaic origin from the other two species, although mostly from O. davidiana.
Analyses of AFLP indicated the highest nuclear genetic diversity for O. davidiana and lowest for O. intermedia. The
origin of O. intermedia through hybrid speciation due to southward migration of O. davidiana and the following
hybridization with O. nobilis may provide the most reasonable explanation for the inconsistency between
phylogenetic relationships of three species and degrees of genetic diversity from cpDNA sequences or AFLP datasets.
Ostryopsis intermedia may represent one more diploid hybrid species found in the QTP, although further strong tests
are needed based on additional data.
Key words diploid hybrid speciation, Ostryopsis intermedia, QTP.
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