e-journal
The New World oil-collecting bees Centris and Epicharis (Hymenoptera, Apidae): molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history
Comprising about 17 500 described species, bees constitute a well-established clade of pollen-feeding Hymenoptera
(Michener 2007). In the last 15 years, our understanding of bee phylogeny and evolution has made great progress due to
increasing use of nucleotide sequences and model-based phylogenetic methods (Danforth et al. 2013). Molecular data
have provided new insights into phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages of bees (Danforth et al. 2006 a,b),
within subfamilies (Almeida & Danforth 2009; Cardinal et al. 2010; Litman et al. 2011), and within tribes (Hines 2008;
Schaefer & Renner 2008; Rasmussen & Cameron 2010). Although being an active field of research, bee systematics
has focused on particular groups, especially on social species,and neglected the vast majority of solitary bees (Engel 2011).
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