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Cretaceous roots of the amphisbaenian lizards
The early evolution of Amphisbaenia has received much attention from researchers (Kearney & Stuart 2004;
Townsend et al. 2004; M€uller et al. 2011), but the origin of this group remains poorly understood. Phylogenetic
analyses have yielded conflicting results regarding their relationships with other squamates (Conrad 2008;
Gauthier et al. 2012; Wiens et al. 2012). Analyses using molecular data place the Amphisbaenia as a paraphyletic
or monophyletic sister group to the Lacertidae (Wiens et al. 2012; Pyron et al. 2013). The recent study by Reeder
et al. (2015) shows strong molecular support for a nonmonophyly of the amphisbaenians in parsimony analysis,
but the likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the same data,as well as combined morphological and molecular analyses,
support their monophyly. Generally, all recently published molecular analyses place the amphisbaenians close to the
Lacertidae and Teiioidea in a group named Lacertoidea (Wiens et al. 2012; Pyron et al. 2013; Reeder et al. 2015).
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