e-journal
Better than nothing: Evolution of autonomous selfing under strong inbreeding depression in an alpine annual from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
In plants with infrequent pollinator services, the benefits of reproductive assurance could be eroded by
severe ovule discounting and inbreeding depression (ID). However, it remains unclear how selfing evolves under
complete pollinator failure and strong ID. We examined the mating system and ID under netting and robbing
conditions in Comastoma pulmonarium (Turcz.) Toyok. (Gentianaceae), an alpine annual experiencing a high ratio of
nectar robbery on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Comastoma pulmonarium produced seeds via selfing at the study site.
No pollinator was observed and thus the nectar was consumed exclusively by robbers. Inbreeding depression occurred
in the life stages of seed mass and germination, and the cumulative ID was much higher than 0.5 under netting and
robbing conditions. Overall, in comparison with netting, the magnitude of ID under robbing conditions tended to
decrease. Our results suggested that selfing could assure reproduction for plants under complete pollinator failure and
strong ID, supporting the “better than nothing” role of selfing and providing one of the few cases of the evolution of
selfing under strong ID.
Key words autonomous selfing, Comastoma pulmonarium, Gentianaceae, inbreeding depression, nectar robbery,pollinator failure, reproductive assurance.
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