e-journal
Informal governance through patron–client relationships and destructive fishing in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia
Efforts to preserve fragile ecosystems that focus on removing human intervention from
the environment risk ignoring the political and social systems underlying environmentally destructive
economic activities. In contrast, a biocultural diversity perspective allows for environmental
protection to be approached with sensitivity to human needs. This paper explores the case of
Karanrang Island, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where fishing with toxins
and bombs is proving detrimental to fish stocks and the surrounding coral reefs. Interviews with
Karanrang fishers reveal that these destructive fishing practices are bound up with the region’s
punggawa-sawi political and social system of patron–client relationships. The paper shows how
the informal governance operating through these patron–client relationships traps fishers into
destructive fishing practices. It is argued that environmental protection efforts should take into
account political and social contexts.
KEYWORDS: Patron–client relationships; Informal governance; Destructive fishing practices; Environmental protection; Indonesia; Biocultural diversity
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