e-lecturer note
Environmental Fluid Mechanics 1. Mixing and Transport Processes in the Environment
Environmental Fluid Mechanics (EFM) is the study of motions and transport processes in earth’s
hydrosphere and atmosphere on a local or regional scale (up to 100 km). At larger scales, the
Coriolis force due to earth’s rotation must be considered, and this is the topic of Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics. Sticking purely to EFM in this book, we will be concerned with the interaction
of flow, mass and heat with man-made facilities and with the local environment.
This text is the first Part in a two-part book to accompany a two-semester course in Environmental
Fluid Mechanics. In this Part, Mixing and Transport Processes in the Environment,
passive diffusion is treated by introducing the transport equation and its application in a range
of unstratified water bodies. Passive diffusion refers to mixing processes that occur due to random
motions and that have no direct feedback on the dynamics of the fluid motion. The second
Part, Stratified Flow and Buoyant Mixing, covers the dynamics of stratified fluids and transport
under active diffusion. Active diffusion relates to mixing processes that have a direct feedback on
the equations of motion due to changes in the density of the carrier fluid. This first Part is appropriate
for senior level undergraduate students; whereas, the second Part is more appropriate
for first-year graduate students.
The text is designed to compliment existing text books in water quality, air quality, and
transport. A unique feature of this text is that most of the mathematics is written out in
sufficient detail that all of the equations should be derivable (and checkable!) by the reader.
This fifth edition adds more homework problems to each chapter and expands the text and
explanations in each chapter.
The chapters are all organized in a similar fashion. Following the chapter heading, the first
two paragraphs orient the chapter in the context of the other chapters and outline the material
to be covered. In the first section of the chapter, general, background information is covered
that is needed to fully understand the contents of the chapter. The middle sections develop
the appropriate theory and present the mathematical derivations. The final section in each
chapter presents applications of the material to engineering practice. At the end of each chapter,
a summary section highlights the key points and a set of exercises are presented as possible
homework problems. The book contains a single references section and index.
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