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Soybean biology, agronomy, and utilization
In a relatively brief period the soybean has become a major crop plant in
the United States. Based on the utilization of the bean, or products therefrom,
a substantial soybean industry has also developed. Its uses, agricultural
and industrial, primarily depend on the high content of both protein
(ca. 40%) and oil (ca. 20%) in the bean. Soybeans are a cash crop and provide
a significant part of the farm income in those eight states in the Mississippi
River valley that together account for 75% of the United States production.
Revenues from the export of almost half the crop as beans, meal, or oil now are
a strong item in the balance-of-trade figures.
These developments have sprung from and stimulated much research on
the physiology, genetics, and related characteristics of the soybean plant, on
the one hand, and on agronomic aspects of its management and incorporation
into prevailing farm systems, on the other. The fruits of much of this
research have been rather quickly put into practice. New varieties or cultivars
better adapted to the physical and agronomic environment of a designated
area have been produced; some were soon replaced by even better
yielding or more dependable cultivars. Concurrently there has been the
development of effective measures of pest and disease control.
My associates in the preparation of this book are all involved in aspects of
soybean research, improvement, and utilization programs. All are fascinated,
as I have been, by the characteristics and environmental responsiveness
of the soybean plant. As these become better understood and as the
inheritance of the qualitative and quantitative characters controlling their
expression is worked out, so can the breeder develop pure lines that can be
expected to perform well in specified or designated areas.
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