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Corrosion in reinforced concrete structures
Reinforced concrete is a widely used construction material for bridges,
buildings and platforms as well as for underground structures such as
tunnels or reinforced concrete pipelines. In general, reinforced concrete is
a very durable material capable of withstanding a large range of severe
environments including marine, industrial and alpine conditions. Despite
the fact that the majority of these structures show good long-term
performance and high durability, there is still a large number of failures of
concrete structures as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion.
Owing to either carbonation of the concrete or the ingress of chlorides into
the concrete, depassivation of the reinforcing steel occurs, leading to rapid
steel corrosion with significant loss of cross-section. From a scientific
point of view the depassivation of the reinforcing steel and the subsequent
corrosion reactions are very complex due to various interactions of
environmental exposure conditions, the different materials involved as
well as the design of the structure. With regard to economical aspects
the cost of corrosion damage to reinforced concrete bridges in the United
States due to the use of deicing salts alone is estimated to be between
$325 and $1000 million/year. There are similar statistical results from
Australia, Europe and the Middle East. In regions with a marine environment
and warm climatic conditions the corrosion process may be significantly
accelerated.
The contributions in this book cover all the important aspects in the field
of corrosion and corrosion protection of reinforced concrete and give new
information on scientific and technological developments. The content is
intentionally focused on the corrosion of reinforcing steel, therefore the
corrosion and deterioration of the concrete itself are not treated here.
Furthermore, the durability of pre-stressed concrete is also excluded. The
interested reader is referred to specialist publications covering this very
specific topic.
This book discusses two major aspects of corrosion in concrete structures.
In the first four chapters the basic processes and mechanisms of
reinforcement corrosion including the important rate-controlling parameters
are addressed, while in the following chapters new information on
well-known and recently developed corrosion prevention techniques
are provided. The primary aim of each contribution is to give an overview
on the specific subjects. Each chapter provides readers with sufficient
scientific and technological information so that they should be able to
understand the subsequent practical applications also discussed in
the chapter. In addition there are sections within chapters where interested
readers will find additional detailed sources and references to literature
on the specific topic. For readers with a wider interest in corrosion and
corrosion protection the new edition of Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook is
recommended.
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