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Natural wastewater treatment systems
Natural systems for the treatment and management of municipal and industrial
wastewaters and residuals feature processes that use minimal energy and minimal
or no chemicals, and they produce relatively lower amounts of residual solids.
This book is intended for the practicing engineers and scientists who are involved
in the planning, design, construction, evaluation, and operation of wastewater
management facilities.
The focus of the text is on wastewater management processes that provide
passive treatment with a minimum of mechanical elements. Use of these natural
systems often results in sustainable systems because of the low operating requirements
and a minimum of biosolids production. Natural systems such as wetlands,
sprinkler or drip irrigation, and groundwater recharge also result in water recycling
and reuse.
The book is organized into ten chapters. The first three chapters introduce
the planning procedures and treatment mechanisms responsible for treatment in
ponds, wetlands, land applications, and soil absorption systems. Design criteria
and methods of pond treatment and pond effluent upgrading are presented in
Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. Constructed wetlands design procedures, process applications,
and treatment performance data are described in Chapter 6 and Chapter
7. Land treatment concepts and design equations are described in Chapter 8.
Residuals and biosolids management are presented in Chapter 9. A discussion of
on-site wastewater management, including nitrogen removal pretreatment methods,
is presented in Chapter 10.
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